螺旋缝埋弧焊钢管制造工艺与性能研究

摘要ABSTRACT

螺旋缝埋弧焊钢管因其高强度、优异的韧性和耐腐蚀性能，成为石油、天然气、水利等长距离输送管道工程的核心材料。当前，制造过程中存在的焊缝跟踪精度不足、工艺参数优化空间有限等技术瓶颈，直接影响产品质量和工程应用效果。本研究通过实验与理论分析，系统探讨了制造工艺与性能的关联机制。Spiral seam submerged arc welded steel pipes have become the core material for long-distance pipeline engineering in oil, natural gas, and water conservancy due to their high strength, excellent toughness, and corrosion resistance. Currently, there are technical bottlenecks in the manufacturing process, such as insufficient weld seam tracking accuracy and limited space for optimizing process parameters, which directly affect product quality and engineering application effectiveness. This study systematically explores the correlation mechanism between manufacturing processes and performance through experiments and theoretical analysis.

研究指出，在成型工艺方面，辊式成型与排辊成型技术各有优势，但均需严格控制设备精度与工艺参数，以减少几何尺寸波动和局部变形。焊接工艺中，电流、电压和焊接速度的合理匹配对焊缝质量至关重要，过大电流易导致过热缺陷，而速度过快则可能引发未熔合问题。后处理工艺包括焊后热处理、矫直和切割，其中热处理可消除残余应力并改善组织均匀性，矫直工艺需平衡几何精度与表面完整性，切割工艺则需控制热影响区以避免性能劣化。Research has shown that in terms of molding processes, roll forming and row roll forming technologies each have their own advantages, but both require strict control of equipment accuracy and process parameters to reduce geometric size fluctuations and local deformations. In the welding process, the reasonable matching of current, voltage, and welding speed is crucial for the quality of the weld seam. Excessive current can easily lead to overheating defects, while excessive speed may cause incomplete fusion problems. The post-processing process includes post weld heat treatment, straightening, and cutting. Heat treatment can eliminate residual stress and improve tissue uniformity. The straightening process needs to balance geometric accuracy and surface integrity, while the cutting process needs to control the heat affected zone to avoid performance degradation.

性能研究显示，螺旋缝埋弧焊钢管在力学性能上表现出高强韧性结合的特点，抗拉强度与塑性指标均衡，低温冲击性能良好。耐腐蚀性能受母材成分与焊接工艺显著影响，高铬、钼含量的低合金钢具有更优的钝化特性，焊后热处理可进一步提升耐蚀性。焊接接头性能分析表明，焊缝区与热影响区的组织差异导致力学性能非均匀分布，需通过工艺优化和显微组织调控实现性能提升。Performance studies have shown that spiral seam submerged arc welded steel pipes exhibit a combination of high strength and toughness in mechanical properties, with balanced tensile strength and plasticity indicators, and good low-temperature impact performance. The corrosion resistance is significantly affected by the composition of the base material and the welding process. Low alloy steels with high chromium and molybdenum content have better passivation characteristics, and post weld heat treatment can further enhance the corrosion resistance. The performance analysis of welded joints shows that the difference in microstructure between the weld zone and the heat affected zone leads to uneven distribution of mechanical properties, and performance improvement needs to be achieved through process optimization and microstructure control.